Pharmaceutical Compounds in Malaysian Urban Domestic Wastewater

The emerging contaminants (ECs) is detected at trace concentration in the discharge of sewage treatment plant (STP) to water bodies indicate incomplete removal during process. presence ECs has a potential impact on ecological and human health associated with long-term ingestion mixture compounds, this includes development resistance pathogenic bacteria, aquatic toxicity, genotoxicity, endocrine disruption. In study, we investigate review occurrence mainly four pharmaceutical active compounds belonging group non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) influent effluent STP. target analytes (ibuprofen (IBU), diclofenac (DIC), ketoprofen (KET), naproxen (NAP)) are extracted from wastewater using solid-phase extraction (SPE) followed by identification quantification gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). GC-MS detection was improved derivatisation technique N-Methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide (MSTFA) an internal standard Ibuprofen-D3 used as standard. targeted were both range 5.04±5.9 37.4±28.4 µg/L efficiency between 11 - 86% current activated sludge process This shows inadequate techniques eliminate wastewater.