Petroleum Hydrocarbon Catabolic Pathways as Targets for Metabolic Engineering Strategies for Enhanced Bioremediation of Crude-Oil-Contaminated Environments

Anthropogenic activities and industrial effluents are the major sources of petroleum hydrocarbon contamination in different environments. Microbe-based remediation techniques known to be effective, inexpensive, environmentally safe. In this review, metabolic-target-specific pathway engineering processes used for improving bioremediation hydrocarbon-contaminated environments have been described. The microbiomes characterised using environmental genomics approaches that can provide a means determine unique structural, functional, metabolic pathways by microbial community degradation contaminants. bacterial metabolism aromatic hydrocarbons has explained via peripheral catabolic actions enzymes, such as dehydrogenases, hydrolases, oxygenases, isomerases. We proposed microbiome techniques, specific an environment detected manipulated targets. Using combination with synthetic biology, systemic evolutionary approaches, highly efficient strains may utilised facilitate target-dependent bioprocessing hydrocarbons. Moreover, use CRISPR-cas genetic methods editing genes modifying leads selection recombinants improved abilities. idea growing metabolically engineered communities, which play crucial role breaking down range pollutants, also explained. However, limitations in-situ implementation genetically modified organisms pose challenge needs addressed future research.