PERSPECTIVE: GENE DIVERGENCE, POPULATION DIVERGENCE, AND THE VARIANCE IN COALESCENCE TIME IN PHYLOGEOGRAPHIC STUDIES
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Perspective: gene divergence, population divergence, and the variance in coalescence time in phylogeographic studies.
Molecular methods as applied to the biogeography of single species (phylogeography) or multiple codistributed species (comparative phylogeography) have been productively and extensively used to elucidate common historical features in the diversification of the Earth's biota. However, only recently have methods for estimating population divergence times or their confidence limits while taking in...
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Variance of sequence divergence.
Golding (1983) derives the variance of a quantity, D, which is a population measure of divergence. He considers the divergence of two populations that have been isolated for t generations. Golding finds that the variance of D, under a neutral model, is less than the binomial variance that is commonly assumed as the variance of divergence. We are concerned that Golding’s results could be misinte...
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Contrastive Divergence (CD) and Persistent Contrastive Divergence (PCD) are popular methods for training Restricted Boltzmann Machines. However, both methods use an approximate method for sampling from the model distribution. As a side effect, these approximations yield significantly different biases and variances for stochastic gradient estimates of individual data points. It is well known tha...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Evolution
سال: 2000
ISSN: 0014-3820,1558-5646
DOI: 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2000.tb01231.x