Peroral Cholangiopancreatoscopy: New Advances Bring New Concerns

Editorial bring in the new!

The year 2015 has been a year for celebration when Royal Society publishing has marked the 350th anniversary of the first publication of its Philosophical Transactions, the world's first scientific journal that is still going strong Open Biology, by contrast, is now an infant of a little over 4 years old but also thriving. Our aim with Open Biology was to establish an open access journal explor...

Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy: Establishing a New Program

Achalasia is an esophageal motility disorder characterized by incomplete relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and aperistalsis of the esophageal body. Treatment of achalasia is aimed at decreasing the resting pressure in the LES. Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM), derived from natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) and advances in endoscopic submucosal dissection ...

The ribosome in focus: new structures bring new insights.

Recent all-atom crystal structures of 70S ribosome functional complexes provide a detailed description of how the ribosome interacts with its mRNA and tRNA substrates. The structures support the view that the fundamental steps of translation are based on RNA-RNA interactions, which in some cases underwent further refinement as a result of having recruited proteins. The structural basis of the d...

Iranian Population Policy and Aging: New Health Concerns

New variants of known folds: do they bring new biology?

New distinct versions of known protein folds provide a powerful means of protein-function prediction that complements sequence and genomic context analysis. These structures do not supplant direct biochemical experiments, but are indispensable for the complete characterization of proteins.