Patient-Derived Cancer Organoids for Precision Oncology Treatment

The emergence of three-dimensional human organoids has opened the door for development patient-derived cancer organoid (PDO) models, which closely recapitulate parental tumor tissue. mainstays preclinical modeling include in vitro cell lines and xenografts, but these models lack cellular heterogeneity seen tumors. Moreover, xenograft establishment is resource time intensive, rendering difficult to use inform clinical trials decisions. PDOs, however, can be created efficiently retain tumor-specific properties such as heterogeneity, cell–cell cell–stroma interactions, microenvironment, therapeutic responsiveness. PDO drug-screening protocols have been described several solid tumors and, more recently, gliomas. Since PDOs developed clinically relevant frames share many characteristics parent tumors, they may enhance ability provide precision oncologic care patients. This review explores current literature on organoids, highlighting history development, glioma, potential applications PDOs.