Pathology: Cause and effect

Intraoperative pathology consultation: error, cause and impact.

BACKGROUND Correlation of intraoperative frozen section diagnosis with final diagnosis can be an important component of an institution's quality assurance process. METHODS We performed a quality assurance review of 1207 frozen section diagnoses from 812 surgical cases performed in the Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Programme during a 6-month period in 2007. We reviewed the frozen secti...

Establishing Cause and Effect

Tau pathology as a cause and consequence of the UPR.

Editor's Note: These short, critical reviews of recent papers in the Journal, written exclusively by graduate students or postdoctoral fellows, are intended to summarize the important findings of the paper and provide additional insight and commentary. For more information on the format and purpose of the Journal Club, please see Review of Abisambra et al. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a si...

Reasoning with Cause and Effect

This paper summarizes concepts, principles, and tools that were found useful in applications involving causal modeling. The principles are based on structural-model semantics, in which functional (or counterfactual) relationships, representing autonomous physical processes are the fundamental building blocks. The paper presents the formal basis of this semantics, illustrates its application in ...

Cause and effect in biology.