Participation in political activities by age group, OECD average, 2021

Transparency, Political Polarization, and Political Budget Cycles in OECD Countries

We investigate the effects of fiscal transparency and political polarization on the prevalence of electoral cycles in fiscal balance. While some recent political economy literature on electoral cycles identifies such cycles mainly in weak and recent democracies, in contrast we show, conditioning on a new index of institutional fiscal transparency, that electoral cycles in fiscal balance are a f...

Political Efficacy and political participation

Women's Political Participation in Korea

This paper deals with the development and obstacles of Korean women’s political participation in recent years. Since the year 1948 after the declaration of a modern state, Korea has tried to establish the democracy but still in the field of women’s political participation it meets a lot of problems such as women’s political consciousness, male dominated political culture and institutional const...

Depression and Political Participation.

In this paper, I propose that depression is a political phenomenon insofar as it has political sources and consequences. I then investigate one aspect of this argument-whether depression reduces participation. I hypothesize that individuals with depression lack the motivation and physical capacity to vote and engage in other forms of political participation due to somatic problems and feelings ...

Average Age of the Classic PKU Detection in Iran

SUMMARY Early detection and prompt diet therapy is essential for normal mental development of the phenylketonurics. In spite of the congenital metabolic defect, patients affected with classic PKU appear normal at birth and will develop serious mental retardation if untreated and cause much emotional, social and financial burdens on their families and the society. For these reasons, in develope...