Part I: History of local anesthesia

Principles of office anesthesia: part I. Infiltrative anesthesia.

The use of effective analgesia is vital for any office procedure in which pain may be inflicted. The ideal anesthetic achieves 100 percent analgesia in a short period of time, works on intact or nonintact skin without systemic side effects, and invokes neither pain nor toxicity. Because no single agent meets all of these criteria, the physician must choose from the available armamentarium based...

Teleradiology. Part I. History and clinical applications.

James H. Thrall, MD Teleradiology—the ability to obtain images in one location, transmit them over a distance, and view them remotely for diagnostic or consultative purposes—has been explored for nearly 50 years and is part of the more encompassing concept of “telemedicine”—the delivery of health care services over a distance. Major advances in telecommunications and computer systems and advanc...

New Formulations of Local Anaesthetics—Part I

Part 1 comments on the types of local anaesthetics (LAs); it provides a better understanding of the mechanisms of action of LAs, and their pharmacokinetics and toxicity. It reviews the newer LAs such as levobupivacaine, ropivacaine, and articaine, and examines the newer structurally different LAs. The addition of adjuvants such as adrenaline, bicarbonate, clonidine, and corticosteroids is explo...

Imitation, Local Interaction, and Coordination: Part I

This paper analyzes players’ long run behavior in evolutionary coordination games with local interaction and imitation. Players are assumed to interact only with their neighbors, and to imitate the successful actions taken by their neighbors or themselves. It is found that the payoff-dominant equilibrium could prevail in the long run. We also derive the conditions under which both risk–dominant...

Anesthesia and the neurosurgical patient: Part I-monitoring needs.