Palm Oil Industries in Malaysia and Possible Treatment Technologies for Palm Oil Mill Effluent: A Review

Palm oil industries have become the main sector to boost economic revenue in tropical countries, especially South East Asia. In recent years, global production of palm reached 72 million metric tons 2018, increasing from about 68 2017. During that period, Malaysia is currently second world producer after neighbouring country Indonesia. Both countries are leading exporters with 84 % worldwide production. A detailed analysis business Malaysia, environmental issues arisen, and treatment technology used effectively treat mill wastewater reviewed gain an understanding sustainability. most plantations owned by private conglomerates (61 %), followed independent smallholders (16 Federal Land Development Authority (13 state agencies (6 Consolidation Rehabilitation (3 Rubber Industry Smallholders (1 %). However, rate deforestation has increased due expansion Malaysia. effluent also considered as one major since it reduces water quality index. Some techniques implemented effluent, such anaerobic ponding systems, integrated anaerobic-aerobic bioreactors, coagulation flocculation, thermochemical treatment, vermicomposting, membrane filtration, photocatalysis, moving bed biofilm reactors, zero liquid discharge. Zero discharge method appropriate this provides a better waste recovery.