منابع مشابه
How Spiroplasma might swim.
Spiroplasmas are small helical bacteria without rigid walls. They have a cytoskeleton in the form of a flat ribbon that runs the length of the cell. In an ordinary liquid medium, a cell spins about its long axis, but it does not translate. In a gel-like medium, containing a viscous agent like methylcellulose, it moves rapidly in a direction parallel to its long axis. Here I suggest how a cytosk...
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Microrobots have the potential to dramatically change many aspects of medicine by navigating through bodily fluids to perform targeted The International Journal of Robotics Research Vol. 28, No. 11–12, November/December 2009, pp. 1434–1447 DOI: 10.1177/0278364909341658 c The Author(s), 2009. Reprints and permissions: http://www.sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav Figures 1, 3, 5–10 appear in ...
متن کاملThe archaellum: how Archaea swim
Recent studies on archaeal motility have shown that the archaeal motility structure is unique in several aspects. Although it fulfills the same swimming function as the bacterial flagellum, it is evolutionarily and structurally related to the type IV pilus. This was the basis for the recent proposal to term the archaeal motility structure the "archaellum." This review illustrates the key findin...
متن کاملHow Giardia swim and divide.
To determine how binuclear giardia swim, we used video microscopy to observe trophozoites of Giardia intestinalis, which were labeled with an amino-specific Alexa Fluor dye that highlighted the flagella and adherence disc. Giardia swam forward by means of the synchronous beating of anterior, posterolateral, and ventral flagella in the plane of the ventral disc, while caudal flagella swam in a p...
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The injectisome has a common evolutionary origin with the bacterial flagellum, as suggested by the fact that the basal bodies of both nanomachines are similar and include many proteins with a significant similarity. Moreover, there are also functional similarities, such as the use of specific chaperones (5, 45, 104, 108, 138) or of molecular systems regulating the size of the external appendage...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Nature
سال: 1986
ISSN: 0028-0836,1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/320400a0