PalaCell2D: A framework for detailed tissue morphogenesis

In silico, cell based approaches for modeling biological morphogenesis are used to test and validate our understanding of the mechanical processes that at work during growth organization multi-cell tissues. As compared in vivo experiments, computer frameworks dedicated tissue allow us easily different hypotheses, quantify impact various biophysically relevant parameters. Here, we propose a formalism on detailed, yet simple, description cells accounts intra-, inter- extra-cellular mechanisms. More precisely, division described through space time evolution membrane vertices. These vertices follow Newtonian dynamics, meaning their is controlled by types forces: force (spring bending), an adherence (inter-cellular spring), external internal pressure forces. Different laws can be applied pressure, depending intra-cellular mechanism interest. addition further relies lattice Boltzmann method, using Palabos library, simulate diffusion chemical signals. The latter aims driving migration simply changing state cells. All this leads accurate cells, with realistic shapes where membranes have properties. While mainly methodological nature, also framework biologically benchmark tests both single-cell full scales. This includes free chemically unbounded domain. ability migration, compression under constraints investigated qualitative manner.