Orbitron-type vacuum gauge with nanocarbon field cathode

Design and Simulation of Hot Cathode Ionization Vacuum Gauge with no X-Ray Limitations

In this paper, the MEMS type ionization gauge with no X-Ray limitations has been presented. Having the dimensions of 2.4 mm× 0.8mm × 1.4 mm, the designed gauge is 9000 times smaller than the conventional type and can operate in HV and UHV pressures up to 5×10-9 torr. Operating at the temperature of 750°C, the cathode of proposed gauge is implemented using nickel and works in a way in...

Siegel Gauge in Vacuum String Field Theory

We study the star algebra of ghost sector in vacuum string field theory (VSFT). We show that the star product of two states in the Siegel gauge is BRST exact if we take the BRST charge to be the one found in [1], and the BRST exact states are nil factors in the star algebra. By introducing a new star product defined on the states in the Siegel gauge, the equation of motion of VSFT is characteri...

Miniaturized Wide-Range Field-Emission Vacuum Gauge Short Communication

Miniaturized vacuum gauges (MVGs) for the measurement range 5.7x10-7 to 1.1x10-2 mbar were fabricated in a selfaligned approach using focused ion beam (FIB) nanoma‐ chining and reactive ion etching (RIE). The MVG consists of two properly insulated electrodes integrated on top of an atomic force microscopy (AFM) tip, forming a coaxial embodiment. The special design enables us to vary the cathode...

Gauge Freedom in Chiral Gauge Theory with Vacuum Overlap

In the vacuum overlap formalism[1] of a generic chiral gauge theory, gauge symmetry is explicitly broken by the complex phase of fermion determinant. In order to restore the gauge invariance, gauge average—the integration along gauge orbit— is invoked. Then, what is required for the dynamical nature of the gauge freedom at β = ∞ (pure gauge limit) is that the global gauge symmetry is not broken...

Vacuum Gauge to Vacuum Pump Valve