Optimal sizing of battery energy storage system in smart microgrid considering virtual energy storage system and high photovoltaic penetration

In the smart microgrid system, optimal sizing of battery energy storage system (BESS) considering virtual (VESS) can minimize cost and keep stable operation. This paper proposes a two-layer BESS strategy dispatch VESS in with high photovoltaic (PV) penetration. first layer, modelling aggregation are established, initial size is determined by participation demand response program. second studied resources dispatching formulated via various constraints system. The mean-variance Markowitz theory applied to assess risk variability due presence PV load uncertainties. With ratio varies from 70% 130%, generation 40% 100%, sensitivity analysis reveals less impacted change. Also VaR(95%) be further reduced through participation.