Optimal Battery Energy Storage Dispatch in Energy and Frequency Regulation Markets While Peak Shaving an EV Fast Charging Station

Battery Energy Storage Systems typically procure their primary revenues from regulated energy and ancillary services markets; nonetheless, they have great potential in supporting distribution network operators users. This paper evaluates the business case of battery storage systems integrating market application to a photovoltaic assisted electric vehicle fast-charging station. A mathematical deterministic optimization problem is formulated using mixed-integer linear programming combine system operation day-ahead frequency regulation remunerated offered charging The technical economic feasibility solution applicability proposed framework verified through study reflecting an existing station Netherlands considering Dutch prices. shows that such implementation economically technically advantageous for players involved. can stack additional on top revenues. benefits reduced peak power 30% tariff reduction, operator would indirectly benefit shaved profile. Furthermore, analysis providing does not significantly impact its market-related