منابع مشابه
اپوئیدها(Opioids) و دستگاه گوارش
SUMMARY The term opioid was coined to refer in a generic sense to all drugs, natural and synthetic, with morphin - like actions. Three distinct families of peptides have been identified so far in gastrointestinal (GI) nervous system in mammalian. These peptides include : dynorphin, Met - enkephalin and leu - enkephalin . Results from studies about opioid which have been started 15 years ago ...
متن کامل38: Opioids
Opioids are among the oldest therapies in our armamentarium, and clinicians recognize their universal utility to limit human distress from pain. Opioids enjoy widespread use as potent analgesics, even though they are abused because of their psychoactive properties. Although the therapeutic and toxic doses are difficult to predict because of the development of tolerance with chronic use, the pri...
متن کاملOpioids for neuropathic pain.
BACKGROUND The use of opioids for neuropathic pain remains controversial. Studies have been small, have yielded equivocal results, and have not established the long-term risk-benefit ratio of this treatment. OBJECTIVES To assess the efficacy and safety of opioid agonists for the treatment of neuropathic pain. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (2n...
متن کاملStimulatory effects of opioids.
Opioid receptors exist as three principle types, known as , and and have been recently reclassifed by an International Union of Pharmacology subcommittee as OP1( ), OP2( ) and OP3( ). All three receptors have been cloned, 45 87 99 and have pharmacological characteristics consistent with those of endogenous receptors. Multiple isoforms of each subtype have been proposed on pharmacological ground...
متن کاملOxidative Stress and Opioids
In recent years, research has shown the involvement of free radicals in the development of the pain that accompanies many pathological conditions. In the treatment of acute and chronic pain, the most effective therapies are natural and synthetic opioid alkaloids. Their metabolism in itself may contribute to the formation of free radicals and thus affect body system load and the perception of pa...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Academic Medicine
سال: 2019
ISSN: 1040-2446
DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000002485