Online Synthesis of an Optimal Battery State-of-Charge Reference Trajectory for a Plug-in Hybrid Electric City Bus

The powertrain efficiency of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) can be increased by effectively using the engine along motor to gradually discharge battery throughout a driving cycle. This sets requirement optimal shaping state-of-charge (SoC) reference trajectory. paper deals with online synthesis SoC trajectory, which inherently includes adaptive features in relation prediction upcoming cycle such as trip distance, road grade profile, mean vehicle velocity and demanded power. method performs iteratively, starting from an offline-synthesized trajectory obtained based on dynamic programming (DP) control variable optimization results. overall PHEV strategy incorporating proposed is verified against DP benchmark different offline methods. For this purpose, model PHEV-type city bus used simulated over wide range cycles conditions including varying low-emission zones (LEZ).