One hundred years of advances in volcano seismology and acoustics

Abstract Since the 1919 foundation of International Association Volcanology and Chemistry Earth’s Interior (IAVCEI), fields volcano seismology acoustics have seen dramatic advances in instrumentation techniques, undergone paradigm shifts understanding volcanic seismo-acoustic source processes internal structure. Some early twentieth-century volcanological studies gave equal emphasis to barograph (infrasound acoustic-gravity wave) seismograph observations, but rapidly outpaced became standard geophysical volcano-monitoring tool. Permanent seismic networks were established on volcanoes (for example) Japan, Philippines, Russia, Hawai‘i by 1950s, Alaska 1970s. Large eruptions with societal consequences generally catalyzed implementation new led operationalization research methodologies. Seismic data now form backbone most local ground-based monitoring worldwide play a critical role how work. The computer revolution enabled increasingly sophisticated processing modeling, facilitated transition continuous digital waveform recording about 1990s. In 1970s 1980s, quantitative models emerged for long-period (LP) event tremor sources fluid-driven cracks conduits. Beginning 1970s, volcano-tectonic (VT) earthquake swarms invoking crack tip stresses expanded involve stress transfer into wall rocks pressurized dikes. first deployments broadband infrasound sensors 1990s discoveries signals phenomena. Rapid technology; signal processing, analysis, inversion; atmospheric propagation modeling regional (15–250 km) remote (> 250 acoustic systems monitoring. Long-term records volcano-seismic unrest through full eruptive cycles are providing insight magma transport eruption forecasts. Laboratory numerical experiments elucidating fluid systems, observationally constrained dense field taking advantage low-power, compact broadband, nodal technologies. recent years, geodesy, seismology, (both ocean hydroacoustics) merging. Despite vast progress over past century, major questions remain regarding processes, patterns unrest, structure, relationship between processes.