Oncogenic viruses in nipple aspirate fluid: biomarkers for breast cancer risk assessment?

Oncogenic viruses in nipple aspirate fluid: biomarkers for breast cancer risk assessment?

It would be a considerable advantage to be able to identify women at high risk for developing breast cancer to justify closer follow-up and use of multiple methods to ensure early detection. At present, the only high risk individuals identifiable with a biomarker are those 5% with a strong familial history of breast cancer. For the remaining 95% there is a lack of such biomarkers. Three indepe...

Proteomic analysis to identify breast cancer biomarkers in nipple aspirate fluid.

PURPOSE Proteomic analysis of breast nipple aspirate fluid (NAF) holds promise as a noninvasive method to identify markers of breast cancer. The objectives of the study were to: (a) describe the NAF proteome, (b) identify candidate markers of breast cancer in NAF by using proteomic analysis, and (c) validate the markers identified by using a quantitative, high-throughput ELISA analysis. EXPER...

Nipple aspirate fluid cytology and the Gail model for breast cancer risk assessment in a screening population.

BACKGROUND Recent guidelines suggest that chemoprevention with tamoxifen may be appropriate for women who have a 5-year risk of breast cancer greater than 1.66% calculated using the Gail model. OBJECTIVES To determine whether nipple aspirate fluid (NAF) cytology combined with the Gail model provides breast cancer risk assessment that is superior to either method alone. METHODS Prospective o...

The role of nipple-aspirate fluid cytology in breast-cancer risk screening.

Association of kallikrein expression in nipple aspirate fluid with breast cancer risk.

Human kallikreins (hK) 2, 3, 6 and 10 are expressed in breast and prostate tissue. hK2 and hK3 (prostate-specific antigen, PSA) are used to screen for prostate cancer. hK6 and hK10 are downregulated in breast cancer compared to normal breast tissue. We demonstrated that levels of PSA in nipple aspirate fluid (NAF) are lower in women with breast cancer than in normal women. We hypothesize that t...