منابع مشابه
The Predictability of El Nino the 1997/98 El Nino
The Southern Oscillation, a natural mode of oscillation of the coupled ocean-atmosphere system, at times appears to be self-sustaining and hence relatively easy to predict. The 1980s seem to have been such a period; El Nino of 1982183 was the start of two complete cycles of the Southern Oscillation. At other times the oscillation seems to be a damped mode that is present for a cycle at most, af...
متن کاملEl Nino Dynamics
T El Nino/Southern Oscillation phenomenon (ENSO, for short) is the strongest source of natural variability in Earth's climate system. ' Although ENSO originates in the tropical latitudes of the Pacific Ocean, its climatic impact is felt globally. Variations in major rainfall systems that are attributed to ENSO range from droughts in Indonesia and Australia to storms and flooding in Ecuador and ...
متن کاملEl Nino/Southern Oscillation
Three previously published proxy records of El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability were compared: a documentary record from coastal South America; an ice-core record from the Quelccaya ice cap in Peru; and a tree-ring record record from arid site conifers in the southwestern United States. The records were calibrated with long ENSO instrument records, and all the proxy records showed s...
متن کاملIs El Nino changing?
Recent advances in observational and theoretical studies of El Nino have shed light on controversies concerning the possible effect of global warming on this phenomenon over the past few decades and in the future. El Nino is now understood to be one phase of a natural mode of oscillation-La Nina is the complementary phase-that results from unstable interactions between the tropical Pacific Ocea...
متن کاملCorticosterone levels predict survival probabilities of Galapagos marine iguanas during El Nino events.
Plasma levels of corticosterone are often used as a measure of "stress" in wild animal populations. However, we lack conclusive evidence that different stress levels reflect different survival probabilities between populations. Galápagos marine iguanas offer an ideal test case because island populations are affected differently by recurring El Niño famine events, and population-level survival c...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Science
سال: 1983
ISSN: 0036-8075,1095-9203
DOI: 10.1126/science.222.4629.1189