Nutraceutical Strategy to Counteract Eye Neurodegeneration and Oxidative Stress in Drosophila melanogaster Fed with High-Sugar Diet

Aberrant production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a common feature damaged retinal neurons in diabetic retinopathy, and antioxidants may exert both preventive therapeutic action. To evaluate the beneficial antioxidant properties food supplementation with Lisosan G, powder bran germ grain (Triticum aestivum) obtained by fermentation selected lactobacillus natural yeast strains, we used an vivo model hyperglycemia-induced damage, fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster fed high-sucrose diet. G positively affected visual system hyperglycemic flies at structural/functional level, decreased apoptosis, reactivated protective autophagy retina internal network. Also, high sucrose-fed Drosophila, reduced levels brain ROS peroxynitrite. The analysis oxidative stress-related metabolites suggested 7,8-dihydrofolate, uric acid, dihydroorotate, ?-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine, allantoin, cysteinyl-glycine, quinolate as key mediators G-induced inhibition neuronal ROS, along upregulation glutathione system. Of note, impact stress ensuing cell death, also independently from autophagy, although autophagy-ROS cross-talk critical. This study demonstrated that continuous alimentary integrator exerts robust multifaceted effect on neurons, thus providing efficacious neuroprotection eye.