Nosemosis in Honeybees: A Review Guide on Biology and Diagnostic Methods

Nosema apis and ceranae are dangerous parasites of the honey bee (Apis mellifera). N. is more pathogenic and, nowadays, widespread than apis. There also cases mixed infections or only Both can lead to weakening death A. mellifera colonies. It crucial make a fast reliable diagnosis monitor disease start correct treatment. Additionally, there need for further research on pathogenicity spp. their prevalence in different regions world. In this paper, we present diagnostic methods infection bees list advantages disadvantages each method. We have included basic information about nosemosis majority order provide source knowledge veterinarians researchers.