Nosema ceranae Infection Promotes Proliferation of Yeasts in Honey Bee Intestines

Nosema ceranae Infection Promotes Proliferation of Yeasts in Honey Bee Intestines

BACKGROUND Nosema ceranae infection not only damages honey bee (Apis melifera) intestines, but we believe it may also affect intestinal yeast development and its seasonal pattern. In order to check our hypothesis, infection intensity versus intestinal yeast colony forming units (CFU) both in field and cage experiments were studied. METHODS/FINDINGS Field tests were carried out from March to O...

Retrospective study of the Nosema ceranae infection of honey bee colonies in Iran (2004-2013)

Nosemosis is the most common disease in adult bees. Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae species are agents of important economic losses to beekeepers around the world. The severity of disease at various area is different. Previously, N. apis was observed in areas with a long winter, especially in late winter and early spring. But in recent years, disease has been reported in the warm seasons. The st...

The Honey Bee Parasite Nosema ceranae: Transmissible via Food Exchange?

Nosema ceranae, a newly introduced parasite of the honey bee, Apis mellifera, is contributing to worldwide colony losses. Other Nosema species, such as N. apis, tend to be associated with increased defecation and spread via a fecal-oral pathway, but because N. ceranae does not induce defecation, it may instead be spread via an oral-oral pathway. Cages that separated older infected bees from you...

Immune suppression in the honey bee (Apis mellifera) following infection by Nosema ceranae (Microsporidia).

Two microsporidia species have been shown to infect Apis mellifera, Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae. This work presents evidence that N. ceranae infection significantly suppresses the honey bee immune response, although this effect was not observed following infection with N. apis. Immune suppression would also increase susceptibility to other bee pathogens and senescence. Despite the importance...

Association of Nosema ceranae Infection with Honey Bee (Apis meillfera) Exposome Profiles and Affected Biological Pathways