Northern Drift Erratics

Graptolites from glacial erratics of the Laerheide area, northern Germany

Ordovician and Silurian glacial erratics of the Laerheide area (Lower Saxony, north-western Germany) bear well-preserved graptolites. The faunas provide important information on the origin and transport direction of the sediments preserved in a kame, representing the Drenthe stadial of the Saalian glaciation. The faunas even include species not commonly encountered in the successions of mainlan...

Clay Mineral Composition of Glacial Erratics, McMurdo Sound

The Geologic Basis for a Reconstruction of a Grounded Ice Sheet in Mcmurdo sound, Antarctica, at the Last Glacial Maximum

A grounded ice sheet fed from the Ross Embayment filled McMurdo Sound at the last glacial maximum (LGM). This sheet deposited the little-weathered Ross Sea drift sheet, with far-traveled Transantarctic Mountains (TAM) erratics, on lower slopes of volcanic islands and peninsulas in the Sound, as well as on coastal forelands along the TAM front. The mapped upper limit of this drift, commonly mark...

Glacial Geology of Cape Bird, Ross Island, Antarctica

Located on the northwest coast of Ross Island in McMurdo Sound, Cape Bird features virtually unweathered surface drift with erratics from the Transantarctic Mountains (TAM) and with enclosed marine shell fragments. This Cape Bird drift is cut by Holocene beaches. The chronology of drift deposition and beach formation comes from AMS radiocarbon dates of associated marine shells, and of penguin b...

Spatiotemporal Kriging with External Drift

In statistics it is often assumed that sample observations are independent. But sometimes in practice, observations are somehow dependent on each other. Spatiotemporal data are dependent data which their correlation is due to their spatiotemporal locations.Spatiotemporal models arise whenever data are collected across bothtime and space. Therefore such models have to be analyzed in termsof thei...