Normal and anomalous self-healing mechanism of crystalline calcium silicate hydrates

The origin of different stability crystalline calcium silicate hydrates was investigated. tobermorite crystal has been used as an analog cement hydrate that is being mostly manufactured material on earth. Normal thermally unstable and transforms to amorphous at low pressure. Meanwhile, anomalous with high Al content does not significantly transform under pressure or temperature. Conducted X-ray absorption spectroscopy explains the weak normal which originally hypothesized by role zeolitic Ca ions in cavities chains. Atomic simulations reproduced experimentally observed trend behavior once ideal structures were modified account for well chain defects. also suggested stress could be rationalized a self-healing mechanism structural instabilities accommodated global sliding CaO layer.