منابع مشابه
Inactivated Viral Vaccines
The first report of “virus” inactivation for vaccine purposes was described in 1886 when Daniel Elmer Salmon and Theobald Smith immunized pigeons with what they thought was a heat-killed hog cholera “virus” (Salmon and Smith 1886). Although in reality it was a cholera-like bacterium, it seeded the scientific community with evidence that immunization with inactivated pathogens can provide protec...
متن کاملViral Vectored Vaccines : A New Era of Vaccination
Efforts to make vaccines against infectious diseases have evolved to utilize viruses to deliver genes encoding antigens from different pathogens. Vectored vaccines are usually constructed from a carrier virus, which has been modified to carry a gene from a pathogen of interest. Thus when the recipient is given the vector, the exogenous gene will be expressed. These viruses are often engineered ...
متن کاملViral Vaccines and CTL Response
Immune induction by successful vaccine formulations seems to involve stimulation of both humoral and cellular arms of immunity. Nevertheless, CD8+ CTLs are of critical relevance in the context of intracellular infection and tumor for many reasons. The task of exerting antipathogen activity by CD8+ T cells, which principally function to control and eradicate intracellular pathogens, is enabled b...
متن کاملDNA vaccines for viral diseases.
DNA plasmids encoding foreign proteins may be used as immunogens by direct intramuscular injection alone, or with various adjuvants and excipients, or by delivery of DNA-coated gold particles to the epidermis through biolistic immunization. Antibody, helper T lymphocyte, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses have been induced in laboratory and domesticated animals by these methods. In a nu...
متن کاملViral Hepatitis and Hepatitis Vaccines
LEARNING OBJECTIVES After completion of this chapter individuals should be able to: 1 Define hepatitis and its symptomatology. 2 Distinguish between the various viruses associated with hepatitis. 3 Describe the general features of hepatitis A, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, hepatitis D, and hepatitis E, including the etiology, transmission, diagnosis, sequelae, and prophylaxis. 4 List and discuss th...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Virology
سال: 2006
ISSN: 0042-6822
DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2005.09.057