New COVID-related results for estimating the shadow economy in the global economy in 2021 and 2022
نویسندگان
چکیده
Abstract Considering the development of shadow economy 36 European and OECD countries over period from 2003 to 2022 effect Coronavirus pandemic 2020 onwards, average size decreased 16.48% GDP in 16.07% 2021 (a decline 0.41 percentage points). Due a continued (forecasted) economic recovery 2022, these will slightly increase 15.96% (average all countries): very modest reduction 0.11 points.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: International Economics and Economic Policy
سال: 2022
ISSN: ['1612-4812', '1612-4804']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10368-022-00537-6