Neutron computed laminography yields 3D root system architecture and complements investigations of spatiotemporal rhizosphere patterns

Abstract Purpose Root growth, respiration, water uptake as well root exudation induce biogeochemical patterns in the rhizosphere that can change dynamically over time. Our aim is to develop a method provides complementary information on 3D system architecture and gradients around roots needed for quantitative description of processes. Methods We captured first time maize plants grown rectangular rhizotrons using neutron computed laminography (NCL). Simultaneously, we measured pH oxygen concentration fluorescent optodes 2D soil distribution by means radiography. co-registered data with maps analyze sensor signal function distance between optode. Results The was successfully segmented from laminographic data. found up 2 mm optode induced local acidification or alkalization. Over time, emerged 7.5 mm. Conclusion Neutron allows three-dimensional investigation systems laterally extended ones designed imaging studies. position within derived NCL explained distribution. presented new combination methods facilitates systematical investigations wide range dynamic processes rhizosphere.