Neuroscience: Sex Hormones at Work in the Neocortex

Neuroscience. Functional organization of synaptic connections in the neocortex.

The Male Sex Hormones

The general effects of castration, in addition to the loss of spermatogenesis, have been known since our earliest historical records. It is not the purpose of this paper to review the earlier studies which emphasize the effects of castration of the male, of transplantation of gonads, and of cryptorchidism on the various physiological, psychical, morphological, and histological changes in the bo...

THE SUBACUTE EFFECTS OF CADMIUM ON SEX HORMONES IN FEMALE RATS

Toxic effects of trace elements upon the hypothalamic- pituitarytesticular axis and sex hormones have been reported in recent years. It is generally considered that CdCl2 poisoning causes histopathological changes in the testicles of male rats. Little attention had been drawn to the possible toxic effects of CdCl2 on the ovary and female sex hormones. The purpose of the present study was t...

Sex in the brain: hormones and sex differences

Contrary to popular belief, sex hormones act throughout the entire brain of both males and females via both genomic and nongenomic receptors. Many neural and behavioral functions are affected by estrogens, including mood, cognitive function, blood pressure regulation, motor coordination, pain, and opioid sensitivity. Subtle sex differences exist for many of these functions that are developmenta...

Mammalian sex hormones in plants.

The occurrence of mammalian sex hormones and their physiological role in plants is reviewed. These hormones, such as 17beta-estradiol, androsterone, testosterone or progesterone, were present in 60-80% of the plant species investigated. Enzymes responsible for their biosynthesis and conversion were also found in plants. Treatment of the plants with sex hormones or their precursors influenced pl...