Natural Selection on the Olfactory Receptor Gene Family in Humans and Chimpanzees

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Natural selection on the olfactory receptor gene family in humans and chimpanzees.

The olfactory receptor (OR) genes constitute the largest gene family in mammalian genomes. Humans have >1,000 OR genes, of which only approximately 40% have an intact coding region and are therefore putatively functional. In contrast, the fraction of intact OR genes in the genomes of the great apes is significantly greater (68%-72%), suggesting that selective pressures on the OR repertoire vary...

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The human olfactory receptor gene family.

Humans perceive an immense variety of chemicals as having distinct odors. Odor perception initiates in the nose, where odorants are detected by a large family of olfactory receptors (ORs). ORs have diverse protein sequences but can be assigned to subfamilies on the basis of sequence relationships. Members of the same subfamily have related sequences and are likely to recognize structurally rela...

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Diversification of bitter taste receptor gene family in western chimpanzees.

In mammals, bitter taste is mediated by T2R genes, which belong to the large family of seven transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors. Because T2Rs are directly involved in the interaction between mammals and their dietary sources, it is likely that these genes evolved to reflect species' specific diets during mammalian evolution. Here, we investigated the sequences of all 28 putative function...

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Similar numbers but different repertoires of olfactory receptor genes in humans and chimpanzees.

Animals recognize their external world through the detection of tens of thousands of chemical odorants. Olfactory receptor (OR) genes encode proteins for detecting odorant molecules and form the largest multigene family in mammals. It is known that humans have fewer OR genes and a higher fraction of OR pseudogenes than mice or dogs. To investigate whether these features are human specific or co...

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Positive Selection on Genes in Humans as Compared to Chimpanzees

Positive selection has been identified and extensively studied in many human genes. In contrast, positive selection in the closest human relative, chimpanzee, has been largely unstudied until recently.With the complete sequencing of the human and chimpanzee genomes, a comparison of the types and numbers of genes that underwent positive selection in the two species is possible. The types of gene...

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: The American Journal of Human Genetics

سال: 2003

ISSN: 0002-9297

DOI: 10.1086/378132