Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron Dispersed by Sodium Alginate Enables Highly Efficient Removal of Lead (Pb) from Aqueous Solution

Nanozero-valent iron (NZVI) shows great potential in the remediation of water pollution, but its application is limited by instability and tendency to aggregate. To enhance dispersibility antioxidant properties NZVI, we prepared composites (SN) wrapping NZVI with sodium alginate (SA) for removal Pb(II) from water. Various characterization methods such as SEM-EDS, BET, XPS, FT-IR were used study structure materials, adsorption materials analyzed using kinetics isotherm experiments. The results showed that SN had a specific surface area 47.05 m2/g, which was significantly higher than 7.56 m2/g passivation reduced. maximum amount on obtained fitting model at 70.92 mg/g. After five cycles adsorption, exhibited rate 95.11% Pb(II). mechanism involved synergistic effect electrostatic redox reaction, ion exchange, coprecipitation. Notably, even after 90 days aging, remained high 95.39%, demonstrating good reactivity. These indicated an effective adsorbent remove contamination.