Nanoadsorbants for the Removal of Heavy Metals from Contaminated Water: Current Scenario and Future Directions

Heavy metal pollution of aquatic media has grown significantly over the past few decades. Therefore, a number physical, chemical, biological, and electrochemical technologies are being employed to tackle this problem. However, they possess various inescapable shortcomings curbing their utilization at commercial scale. In regard, nanotechnology provided efficient cost-effective solutions for extraction heavy metals from water. This review will provide detailed overview on efficiency applicability adsorbents, i.e., carbon nanotubes, graphene, silica, zero-valent iron, magnetic nanoparticles scavenging metallic ions. These exhibit potential be used in extracting variety toxic metals. Recently, nanomaterial-assisted bioelectrochemical removal also emerged. To that end, nanoparticle-based electrodes developed, offering more efficient, cost-effective, ecofriendly, sustainable options. addition, promising perspectives nanomaterials environmental applications discussed paper directions future works suggested.