Nano-gypsum in low dose improves the physicochemical properties of saline-sodic soil

Increased Na+ ions negatively affect soil physicochemical characteristics. We ran a pot incubation experiment for 2 months and leaching another to monitor the effects of nano-gypsum (NG, <100 nm) in low affordable doses on improving saline-sodic Treatments included control (CK), conventional gypsum (CG; ≤ 0.5 mm) at 100% CG requirement (8.9 t ha−1: CGR), three NG (240, 480 960 kg ha−1 = 2.7%, 5.4% 10.8% CGR). Both applications CGR followed by had best effect performed almost equally. However, use most pronounced effect, where it decreased bulk density (16.4%) increased stable structure (46.2%). Also, hydraulic conductivity approximately 2.4 times, which helped increase Na-removal efficiency 68.9%. Moreover, reaction, electrical exchangeable-Na percentage 15.9%, 39.7% 71.4% compared CK, respectively. Therefore, may introduce novel alternative application strategy that allows lower rate with an adequate requirement.