Multiplex detection of antibodies to Chikungunya, O’nyong-nyong, Zika, Dengue, West Nile and Usutu viruses in diverse non-human primate species from Cameroon and the Democratic Republic of Congo

Background Epidemic arbovirus transmission occurs among humans by mosquito bites and the sylvatic cycles involving non-human primates (NHPs) still exists. However, limited data are available on extent in NHPs infections their role. In this study, we have developed validated a high-throughput serological screening tool to study circulation of multiple arboviruses that represent significant threat human health, Central Africa. Methodology/Principal findings Recombinant proteins NS1, envelope domain-3 (DIII) for dengue (DENV), yellow fever (YFV), usutu (USUV), west nile (WNV) zika (ZIKV) 2 chikungunya (CHIKV) o'nyong-nyong (ONNV) were coupled Luminex beads detect IgG directed against these viruses. Evaluation test performance was made using 161 sera known arboviral status (66 negative 95 positive). The sensitivity specificity each antigen determined statistical methods ROC curves (except ONNV USUV). All NS1 antigens NS1-YFV), CHIKV-E2 WNV-DIII had sensitivities specificities > 95%. For other DIII antigens, low, limiting interest use seroprevalence studies. Few simultaneous reactions observed between CHIKV+ samples non-CHIKV arboviruses. On hand, DENV+ crossed-reacted with all DENV serotypes (1 4), as well ZIKV, USUV lesser YFV. A total 3,518 29 species from Cameroon Democratic Republic Congo (DRC) tested YFV), E2 (CHIKV/ONNV) antigens. monkeys (n = 2,100), global prevalence varied 5% ten tested. When stratified monkey’s biotope, arboreal showed highest reactivity. Cameroon, ONNV-E2 DENV2-NS1 3.95% 3.40% respectively DRC, (6.63%) WNV-NS1 (4.42%). Overall low apes 1,418): ranging 0% USUV-NS1 2.6% CHIKV-E2. very large disparity collection site ape species, e . g 18% (9/40) 8.2% (4/49) gorillas reactive or WNV-NS1, two different sites Cameroon. Conclusions/Significance We assay based technology, high detection antibodies 10 6 This is first evaluated scale presence evaluate role cycles. overall (<5%) more than 3,500 DRC does not allow us affirm NHP reservoirs, but rather, intermediate hosts