Multilayer SIS Model With an Infrastructure Network

In this article, we develop a layered networked spread model for susceptible-infected-susceptible pathogen-borne disease spreading over human contact network and an infrastructure network, refer to it as susceptible-infected-water-susceptible (SIWS). The “W” in SIWS represents any contamination, not necessarily restricted water distribution network. We identify sufficient conditions the existence, uniqueness, stability of various equilibria aforementioned model. Further, study observability problem, where, assuming that measurements pathogen levels are available, provide necessary condition estimation sickness nodes Our results illustrated through in-depth set simulations.