Multi–Band Programmable Gain Raman Amplifier

Optical communication systems, operating in C-band, are reaching their theoretically achievable capacity limits. An attractive and economically viable solution to satisfy the future data rate demands is employ transmission across full low-loss spectrum encompassing O, E, S, C L band of single mode fibers (SMF). Utilizing all five bands offers a bandwidth up $\sim$53.5THz (365nm) with loss below 0.4dB/km. A key component realizing multi-band optical systems amplifier. Apart from having an ultra-wide gain profile, ability providing arbitrary profiles, controlled way, will become essential feature. The latter allow for signal power shaping which has broad range applications such as maximization information X distance product, elimination static lossy flattening filters (GFF) enabling efficient system design, equalization frequency combs. In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate (S+C+L) programmable amplifier using only Raman effects machine learning. achieves >1000 profiles within 3.5 30 dB, ultra-fast way very low maximum error 1.6e-2 dB/THz over 17.6-THz (140.7-nm).