Multi-scale particle morphology evolution in rotating drum tests: Role of particle shape and pore fluid

During the downslope long-distance movement of debris avalanches, particles interact with each other in various modes, by rolling, sliding and colliding other. transport, grains may undergo breakage, changing size shape. However, research on avalanches at grain scale remains limited, particular, evolution morphology different scales, from overall form down to surface roughness, runout distance. This paper investigates particle granite gravel during long distance travel using a rotating drum, Micro-Deval apparatus, together three-dimensional (3D) image analysis 3D laser scanner. The effects shape pore fluid (dry, saturated water or slurry) transport were investigated. It was found that while strong enough resist fragmentation could be induced inter-particle actions testing, corners edges became rounded, general roughness remained unaffected interactions. more angular grains, easier abraded interaction. change local roundness amplified water-saturated conditions suppressed slurry-saturated medium. viscosity fluid, rather than initial shape, critical controlling evolution.