Multi-objective optimisation of K-shape notch multi-way spool valve using CFD analysis, discharge area parameter model, and NSGA-II algorithm

Multi-way spool valves (MWSVs) with K-shape notches (KSNs) provide advantages such as improvement of the actuator speed control, micro-action, and response performance. However, pressure drop (PD) associated energy consumption is larger MWSVs under high-pressure large-flow condition. Meanwhile, extremely complex flow coefficient multi-parameter, highly coupled KSNs are chief factors restricting flow-pressure characteristics exploration optimisation design MWSVs. To address these problems, complete numerical research experiment performed in this study, especially concerning method MWSV modelling, surrogated model-based optimal KSN structures. First, relationships between structure parameters properties modelled on innovative discharge area parameter model (DAPM) surface methodology (RSM) (RSM-DPAM) using CFD dataset. Second, to reduce PD combining control performance, surrogate addressed. During optimisation, six chosen variables, relative deviation (FARD) selected objective functions, RSM employed projected model. Depended created model, non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) established search for structure. certify performance field analysed. The results demonstrate that proposed RSM-DAPM-RSM achieves reliable prediction FARD a great correlation (0.9757 0.9946). average reduces much 7.23% while only 1.28%. Moreover, region low-pressure, high-velocity, high-turbulent kinetic reduced. framework enhances could be applied other kinds notches.Abbreviations: BOI: Body influence; BSV: Bucket valve; CFD: Computational fluid dynamics; CM: Construction machinery; DAPM: Discharge model; FARD: Flow deviation; FCC: characteristic; GSA: Global sensitivity analysis; KSN: notch; MHAs: Meta-heuristic algorithms; MODE: Multi-objective differential evolution; MOGA: algorithm; MOO: optimisation; MOPSO: particle swarm MWSV: NRMS: Non-road mobile source; NSGA-II: Non-dominated OLHD: Optimal Latin hypercube design; PD: Pressure drop; PDCs: characteristics; RSM: Response methodology; SA: Sensitivity TKE: Turbulent energy; TOPSIS: Technique order preference by similarity ideal solution; VFR: Volume rate