Motor innervation of extraocular muscle

Innervation of extraocular pulley smooth muscle in monkeys and humans.

PURPOSE Soft pulleys stabilize paths and determine pulling directions of the extraocular muscles (EOMs). This study was conducted to characterize innervation of smooth muscles (SMs) supporting these pulleys. METHODS Cadaveric human and monkey orbits were step and serially sectioned for histochemical and immunohistochemical staining. Before perfusion, the superior cervical ganglia of one monke...

The Motor Innervation of a Triply Innervated Crustacean Muscle

Extraocular motor unit and whole-muscle responses in the lateral rectus muscle of the squirrel monkey.

Because primate studies provide data for the current experimental models of the human oculomotor system, we investigated the relationship of lateral rectus muscle motoneuron firing to muscle unit contractile characteristics in the squirrel monkey. Also examined was the correlation of whole-muscle contractile force with the degree of evoked eye displacement. A force transducer was used to record...

Accessory extraocular muscle.

Although on cover test the child maintained fixation easily with either eye, he preferred to view with the right eye. A marked left convergent strabismus was present, the deviation being greater on accommodation; the cover test also showed alternating hypertropia. When fixing with the right eye the horizontal deviation was approximately 35A with left hypertropia and when fixing with the left ey...

Beta1 integrins in muscle, but not in motor neurons, are required for skeletal muscle innervation.

In vitro studies have provided evidence that beta1 integrins in motor neurons promote neurite outgrowth, whereas beta1 integrins in myotubes regulate acetylcholine receptor (AChR) clustering. Surprisingly, using genetic studies in mice, we show here that motor axon outgrowth and neuromuscular junction (NMJ) formation in large part are unaffected when the integrin beta1 gene (Itgb1) is inactivat...