Mother Tongue Affecting the English Vowel Pronounciation of Batak Toba Adults

exploring interconnections between iranian efl teachers beleifs about the status of english as an international language (efl), use of mother tongue in efl classroom, and diffrences between native and non-native teachers of english

in one pole of the continuum of language learning, theoreticians and practitioners traditionally consider english as english as a second language or english as a foreign language. however, in the other pole of this continuum where english is thought of as the most effective tool for international communication, it is referred to as a lingua franca. those who favor an approach to english growing...

How is the Mother Tongue Acquired

Infixation and Segmental Constraint Effects: Um and in in Tagalog, Chamorro, and Toba Batak

The proper understanding of infixation continues to be a matter of debate among linguists. The data presented in this paper show that infixation in Austronesian languages is not exclusively due to prosodic morphology, but instead is significantly influenced by the segmental phonology as well. Specifically, infixation may be blocked if it would create dissimilation environments in the first bimo...

Implementing Mother-tongue

Hong Kong is a homogeneous community both in terms of race (98% Chinese) and language (over 80% speak Cantonese as their mother tongue). However, the historical and sociolinguistic dynamics there are such that English is the dominant medium of instruction at secondary level and above, while Modern Mandarin, a non-indigenous Chinese (standard) dialect, provides the norms for both the use of Chin...

study of cohesive devices in the textbook of english for the students of apsychology by rastegarpour

this study investigates the cohesive devices used in the textbook of english for the students of psychology. the research questions and hypotheses in the present study are based on what frequency and distribution of grammatical and lexical cohesive devices are. then, to answer the questions all grammatical and lexical cohesive devices in reading comprehension passages from 6 units of 21units th...