Molecular Mechanisms in Understanding Anoxia Tolerance in Rice Seeds under Submergence and Their Implication in Rice Biotechnology

Submergence in rice fields creating inundation stress and realizing anoxia or hypoxia is a problem agriculture. Seeds under this oxygen deficit are faced with fermentative respiration, where the end product would be poisoning tissue viability. This more aggravated direct seeded cultivation accumulation of lactate as poison. review concerned basic insights into tolerance seeds possible strategies to reduce anoxic shock through modification metabolism preceded by gene expression. The major concern germination starch downstream physiological realization facilitate escape quiescence strategy, overcoming submergence stress. coleoptiles facing hypoxic mated transcripts for oxidative traits, energy metabolism, proteins membrane peroxidation support most important. Hypoxic genes recovered from traditional indica japonica land races rice, show changes glycolytic flux sugar sensing. Anoxic seedling vigor based on combinational regulation catabolism. De novo antioxidant antioxidative enzyme production can improved seed condition. Pre-harvest spouting seed-coat-induced dormancy, hormonal ratios, hydrolyses concern. Therefore, comprehensive analysis aimed understand priming better gas exchange, diffusion, temperature sensitivity, ion uptake, redox balance, others. Still, in-depth being awaited understanding molecular basis using multi-omics approach overcome anoxic/hypoxic revelation mostly acquainted