Modelling the nacelle wake of a horizontal-axis wind turbine under different yaw conditions

Recently, actuator line model become popular in studying wind-turbine wakes. However, existing models ignore or inaccurately describe nacelle effects, which have been shown to pose significantly impact on To address the physics underlying here, we develop with large-eddy simulation by introducing a new anisotropic body-force projection model. We validate against field experiment and validation indicates that can predict wake more precise than isotropic Furthermore, extend study characteristics under various yaw conditions. The results show thrust component normal flow direction creates skewed behind turbine, turn promotes transition from two-peak profile one-peak profile. skew exacerbates instability of tip vortex causes region narrow. At small angles, radially diffuses blends far wake. large intercepts near due different spatial distribution thrust. It is concluded affects wakes especially during condition.