Modeled and Observed Bedrock Displacements in North‐East Greenland Using Refined Estimates of Present‐Day Ice‐Mass Changes and Densified GNSS Measurements

Models of the glacial-isostatic adjustment (GIA) to past ice-mass changes exhibit large differences in north-east Greenland owing insufficient knowledge about glacial history and Earth rheology. The GIA uncertainties feed back present-day mass-balance estimates from satellite gravimetry. Geodetic Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) measurements allow directly observe displacement bedrock. We present results repeated continuous GNSS conducted within five measurement campaigns between 2008 2017. used observed uplift rates validate different models conjunction with elastic response solid changes. To determine associated deformations, we combined altimetry data CryoSat-2 gravimetry Gravity Recovery Climate Experiment for entire Ice Sheet (GrIS) included peripheral glaciers ice caps. were consistently all processing steps. revealed range 2.8 8.9 mm yr−1. comparison total predicted by modeling GNSS-based clearly favors that show low (0.7–4.4 yr−1 at sites) against higher up 8.3 correction due favored model an loss 233 ± 43 Gt GrIS including over period July 2010 June