Model for Rating a Vanadium Redox Flow Battery Stack through Constant Power Charge–Discharge Characterization

A method for estimating the stack rating of vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) through constant power characterization was developed. 22 cells, each with 1500 cm2 nominal electrode area, constructed and tested using current protocols. Typical ratios charging to discharging that prevail in various applications (e.g., peak shaving, wind power/solar photovoltaic integration) were employed test The results showed fractional energy storage capacity utilization round-trip efficiency varied linearly at which charged or discharged. zero-dimensional electrochemical model proposed based on area-specific resistance account stored/extracted during discharge state charge (SoC) window 20% 80%. It shown this could be used rate a given terms from point view its application as unit. enables single polarization can extended battery systems general.