Mitochondrial calcium signaling and redox homeostasis in cardiac health and disease

The energy demand of cardiomyocytes changes continuously in response to variations cardiac workload. Cardiac excitation-contraction coupling is fueled primarily by adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production oxidative phosphorylation mitochondria. rate mitochondrial metabolism matched the ATP consumption cytosol parallel activation calcium (Ca 2+ ) and diphosphate (ADP). During workload transitions, Ca accumulates matrix, where it stimulates activity tricarboxylic acid cycle. In this review, we describe how mitochondria internalize extrude , relevance process for redox homeostasis healthy heart, derangements ion handling cause cardiomyocyte dysfunction heart failure.