Mitochondrial analysis of oribatid mites provides insights into their atypical tRNA annotation, genome rearrangement and evolution

Abstract Background The mitochondrial (mt) genomes of Sarcoptiformes mites typically contain 37 genes. Although the loss genes is rare in mite mitogenomes, two six previously reported oribatid (Acariforms: Sarcoptiformes) are to have lost parts their tRNA To confirm whether were indeed and universal, we re-annotated available sequences sequenced mitogenome Oribatula sakamorii . Methods O was using an Illumina HiSeq sequencer. mt gene annotated multi-software combined with a manual annotation approach. Phylogenetic analyses performed maximum likelihood Bayesian inference methods concatenated nucleotide amino acid sequences. Results mitogenomes contained genes, including 22 We identified all that as “lost” Steganacarus magnus Paraleius leontonychus revealed certain atypical errors Oribatid characterized by low rates genetic rearrangement, or seven blocks conserved between species ancestral arthropods. Considering relative order major (protein-coding rRNAs), only one rearranged respect positions genome. explored phylogenetic relationships among mites, results confirmed systematic position Hermannia Crotonioidea superfamily. This also supported synapomorphic gene-derived boundaries. Conclusions phenomenon not universal mites. Rather, highly secondary structure inferred made them unidentifiable single type search program. use approach can improve accuracy annotation. In addition, precise validated Astigmata nested Oribatida. Graphical