MicroRNA-Regulated Signaling Pathways: Potential Biomarkers for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most aggressive and invasive type of pancreatic cancer (PCa) expected to be second common cause cancer-associated deaths. The high mortality rate due asymptomatic progression clinical features until advanced stages disease limited effectiveness current therapeutics. Aberrant expression several microRNAs (miRs/miRNAs) has been related PDAC thus they could potential early diagnostic, prognostic, and/or therapeutic predictors for PDAC. miRs are small (18 24 nucleotides long) non-coding RNAs, which regulate key genes by targeting their 3?-untranslated mRNA region. Increased evidence also suggested that chemoresistance cells associated with metabolic alterations. Metabolic stress dysfunctionality systems compensate altered status foundation cellular damage. Current data have implicated multiple as hallmarks development, such glutamine redox imbalance, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction. Hence, both aberrant dysregulation in metabolism can unfavorable effects biological processes, apoptosis, cell proliferation, growth, survival, response, angiogenesis, chemoresistance, invasion, migration. Therefore, these dismal statistics, it crucial develop beneficial strategies based on an improved understanding biology mediators. This review focuses miR-mediated pathways resistance mechanisms evaluates impact alterations