MicroRNA-independent roles of the RNase III enzymes Drosha and Dicer

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MicroRNA-independent roles of the RNase III enzymes Drosha and Dicer

The ribonuclease III enzymes Drosha and Dicer are renowned for their central roles in the biogenesis of microRNAs (miRNAs). For many years, this has overshadowed the true versatility and importance of these enzymes in the processing of other RNA substrates. For example, Drosha also recognizes and cleaves messenger RNAs (mRNAs), and potentially ribosomal RNA. The cleavage of mRNAs occurs via rec...

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Re-evaluation of the roles of DROSHA, Export in 5, and DICER in microRNA biogenesis.

Biogenesis of canonical microRNAs (miRNAs) involves multiple steps: nuclear processing of primary miRNA (pri-miRNA) by DROSHA, nuclear export of precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA) by Export in 5 (XPO5), and cytoplasmic processing of pre-miRNA by DICER. To gain a deeper understanding of the contribution of each of these maturation steps, we deleted DROSHA, XPO5, and DICER in the same human cell line, a...

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The RNase III enzyme DROSHA is essential for microRNA production and spermatogenesis.

DROSHA is a nuclear RNase III enzyme responsible for cleaving primary microRNAs (miRNAs) into precursor miRNAs and thus is essential for the biogenesis of canonical miRNAs. DICER is a cytoplasmic RNase III enzyme that not only cleaves precursor miRNAs to produce mature miRNAs but also dissects naturally formed/synthetic double-stranded RNAs to generate small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). To invest...

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The mechanism of RNase III action: how dicer dices.

Members of the Ribonuclease III (RNase III) family are double-stranded (ds) RNA-specific endoribonucleases, characterized by a signature motif in their active centers and a 2-nucleotide (nt) 3' overhang in their products. Dicer functions as a dsRNA-processing enzyme, producing small interfering RNA (siRNA) of approx. 24 nt in length (approx. 20-basepair RNA duplex with a 2-nt 3' overhang on eac...

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TDP-43 promotes microRNA biogenesis as a component of the Drosha and Dicer complexes.

Although aberrant microRNA (miRNA) expression is linked to human diseases including cancer, the mechanisms that regulate the expression of each individual miRNA remain largely unknown. TAR DNA-binding protein-43 (TDP-43) is homologous to the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs), which are involved in RNA processing, and its abnormal cellular distribution is a key feature of amyotro...

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: Open Biology

سال: 2013

ISSN: 2046-2441

DOI: 10.1098/rsob.130144