منابع مشابه
Citric acid production.
Citric acid is a commodity chemical produced and consumed throughout The World. It is used mainly in the food and beverage industry, primarily as an acidulant. Although it is one of the oldest industrial fermentations, its World production is still in rapid increasing. Global production of citric acid in 2007 was over 1.6 million tones. Biochemistry of citric acid fermentation, various microbia...
متن کاملBiotechnological production of citric acid
This work provides a review about the biotechnological production of citric acid starting from the physicochemical properties and industrial applications, mainly in the food and pharmaceutical sectors. Several factors affecting citric acid fermentation are discussed, including carbon source, nitrogen and phosphate limitations, pH of culture medium, aeration, trace elements and morphology of the...
متن کاملCitric Acid Production by Aspergillus Niger*
the Stokes' equation (4). The anomalous appearance of the curves might suggest that a non-random sample had been selected, but examination of the frequencies of cells appearing in different size ranges reveals a normal distribution indicating that a random sample had been selected. The diameters of cells and the correspondent frequencies are: 3.5-2; 4.0-7; 4.5-10; 5.0-20; 5.5-17; 6.0-8; 6.5-2; ...
متن کاملAcid recycling to optimize citric acid-modified soybean hull production
Modification of soybean hulls with citric acid (CA) improves the metal ion binding capacity of the hulls. A process for this modification has been developed. However, the process must be optimized for it to be cost effective. In this regard, the objectives of this study were (1) to develop a wash procedure to remove non-reacted or residual CA after soybean hull modification in order to maximize...
متن کاملMicrobial Propionic Acid Production
Propionic acid (propionate) is a commercially valuable carboxylic acid produced through microbial fermentation. Propionic acid is mainly used in the food industry but has recently found applications in the cosmetic, plastics and pharmaceutical industries. Propionate can be produced via various metabolic pathways, which can be classified into three major groups: fermentative pathways, biosynthet...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology
سال: 1999
ISSN: 1516-8913
DOI: 10.1590/s1516-89131999000300001