Microalgal Feedstock for Biofuel Production: Recent Advances, Challenges, and Future Perspective

Globally, nations are trying to address environmental issues such as global warming and climate change, along with the burden of declining fossil fuel reserves. Furthermore, countries aim reach zero carbon emissions within existing rising energy crisis. Therefore, bio-based alternative sustainable feedstocks being explored for producing bioenergy. One renewable resource is microalgae; these photosynthetic microorganisms that grow on non-arable land, in extreme climatic conditions, have ability thrive even sea wastewater. Microalgae high efficiencies biomass productivity compared other terrestrial plants. Whole microalgae or their extracted metabolites can be converted various biofuels bioethanol, biodiesel, biocrude oil, pyrolytic bio-oil, biomethane, biohydrogen, bio jet fuel. However, several challenges still exist before faster broader commercial application a bioenergy feedstock biofuel production. Selection appropriate microalgal strains, development pre-concentrating techniques, utilization wet production, coupled an integrated biorefinery approach value-added products, could improve sustainability economic viability biofuel. This article will review current status research future perspective.