Metabolic Surgery to Treat Obesity in Diabetic Kidney Disease, Chronic Kidney Disease, and End-Stage Kidney Disease; What Are the Unanswered Questions?

Obesity and Kidney Disease

The rise in the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and an increase in the prevalence of obesity in parallel in the recent years is a great concern. CKD increases the rate of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and development of end-stage renal disease, and leads to premature death. Although no direct causality link between obesity and CKD can yet be established, this appears highly probable. ...

Magnesium in chronic kidney disease: unanswered questions.

BACKGROUND Magnesium ion is critical for life and is integrally involved in cellular function and a key component of normal bone mineral. In health, the kidneys, gastrointestinal tract and bone are responsible for maintaining serum magnesium concentrations in the normal range and magnesium balance. Most clinical disorders involving magnesium, other than chronic kidney disease (CKD), result in h...

Magnesium in Chronic Kidney Disease: Unanswered Questions

Background: Magnesium ion is critical for life and is integrally involved in cellular function and a key component of normal bone mineral. In health, the kidneys, gastrointestinal tract and bone are responsible for maintaining serum magnesium concentrations in the normal range and magnesium balance. Most clinical disorders involving magnesium, other than chronic kidney disease (CKD), result in ...

Vitamin deficiencies in chronic kidney disease

Endocrine disorders in chronic kidney disease

Background and Objective: Endocrine disorders are common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of the present study is reviewing available literature to give a deep understanding of complexities of endocrine disorders in chronic kidney disease. Methods: A narrative reviewing method based on the available literature was approached. Findings: Generally, when renal function de...